{"count":6723,"next":"https://cinder.proteo.info/api/human_diseases/?format=json&limit=20&offset=700&ordering=-identifier","previous":"https://cinder.proteo.info/api/human_diseases/?format=json&limit=20&offset=660&ordering=-identifier","results":[{"identifier":"Spermatogenic failure 10.","acronym":"SPGF10.","accession":"DI-03528","synonyms":"Spermatogenic failure with defective sperm annulus.; ","cross_references":"MeSH; D007248.","definition":"An infertility disorder caused by spermatogenesis defects. It results in decreased sperm motility, concentration, and multiple sperm structural defects. The most prominent feature is a defective sperm annulus, a ring structure that demarcates the midpiece and the principal piece of the sperm tail. ","keywords":null},{"identifier":"Spermatogenic failure 1.","acronym":"SPGF1.","accession":"DI-05773","synonyms":"Oligochiasmic infertility.; Oligosynaptic infertility.; ","cross_references":"MeSH; D007248.","definition":"An infertility disorder characterized by azoospermia due to spermatogenic arrest during meiosis. Meiotic arrest is characterized by germ cells that enter meiosis and undergo the first chromosomal reduction from 4n to 2n, but that are then unable to proceed further. This results in tubules containing spermatocytes as the latest developmental stage of germ cells. Meiotically arrested spermatocytes accumulate in the tubules and degenerate. Both autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant inheritance have been reported. ","keywords":null},{"identifier":"Speech-language disorder 1.","acronym":"SPCH1.","accession":"DI-02320","synonyms":"Autosomal dominant speech and language disorder with orofacial dyspraxia.; CAS.; Childhood apraxia of speech.; Developmental verbal dyspraxia.; DVD.; ","cross_references":"MeSH; D013064.","definition":"A disorder characterized by severe orofacial dyspraxia resulting in largely incomprehensible speech. Affected individuals have severe impairment in the selection and sequencing of fine orofacial movements which are necessary for articulation, and deficits in several facets of grammatical skills and language processing, such as the ability to break up words into their constituent phonemes. ","keywords":null},{"identifier":"Specific language impairment 5.","acronym":"SLI5.","accession":"DI-03910","synonyms":null,"cross_references":"MeSH; D007805.","definition":"A disorder characterized by a delay in early speech acquisition. It is usually associated with cerebral white matter abnormalities on brain MRI. Some individuals may show disorders in communication, consistent with autism spectrum disorder, or global developmental delay, although others ultimately show normal cognitive function. Penetrance is incomplete and expressivity is variable. ","keywords":"KW-1268:Autism spectrum disorder.; "},{"identifier":"Specific granule deficiency 2.","acronym":"SGD2.","accession":"DI-05000","synonyms":null,"cross_references":"MeSH; D007960.","definition":"A form of specific granule deficiency, an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by recurrent pyogenic infections, defective neutrophil chemotaxis and bactericidal activity, and lack of neutrophil secondary granule proteins. SGD2 is due to defective neutrophil development. Bone marrow findings include hypercellularity, abnormal megakaryocytes, and features of progressive myelofibrosis with blasts. Some patients may have additional findings, including delayed development, mild dysmorphic features, and distal skeletal anomalies. ","keywords":null},{"identifier":"Specific granule deficiency 1.","acronym":"SGD1.","accession":"DI-04999","synonyms":null,"cross_references":"MeSH; D007960.","definition":"An immunologic disorder characterized by recurrent pyogenic infections, defective neutrophil chemotaxis and bactericidal activity, and lack of neutrophil secondary granule proteins. Neutrophils of affected individuals lack lactoferrin and show abnormal nuclear segmentation, bilobed nuclei, low alkaline phosphatase, and increased number of neutrophil mitochondria and ribosomes. SGD1 inheritance can be autosomal dominant or recessive. ","keywords":null},{"identifier":"Spastic tetraplegia, thin corpus callosum, and progressive microcephaly.","acronym":"SPATCCM.","accession":"DI-04580","synonyms":null,"cross_references":"MeSH; D012640.","definition":"A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by thin corpus callosum, severe progressive microcephaly, severe intellectual disability, seizures, spasticity, and global developmental delay. Most patients are unable to achieve independent walking or speech. ","keywords":"KW-0887:Epilepsy.; KW-0991:Intellectual disability.; "},{"identifier":"Spastic tetraplegia and axial hypotonia, progressive.","acronym":"STAHP.","accession":"DI-05666","synonyms":"SOD1 deficiency, autosomal recessive.; ","cross_references":"MeSH; D011782.","definition":"An autosomal recessive, neurologic disorder characterized by loss of motor abilities in the first year of life, after which severe, progressive spastic tetraparesis develops. Affected individuals have severe axial hypotonia, hyperekplexia, hypertonia, and myokymia, reflecting upper motor neuron involvement. Cognitive development may be affected. ","keywords":null},{"identifier":"Spastic paraplegia, optic atrophy, and neuropathy.","acronym":"SPOAN.","accession":"DI-04659","synonyms":null,"cross_references":"MeSH; D015419.","definition":"A form of spastic paraplegia, a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a slow, gradual, progressive weakness and spasticity of the lower limbs. Rate of progression and the severity of symptoms are quite variable. Initial symptoms may include difficulty with balance, weakness and stiffness in the legs, muscle spasms, and dragging the toes when walking. In some forms of the disorder, bladder symptoms (such as incontinence) may appear, or the weakness and stiffness may spread to other parts of the body. SPOAN is characterized by spastic paraplegia with progressive joint contractures and spine deformities, loss of independent ambulation by age 10 years, sub-normal vision secondary to congenital optic atrophy, and neuropathy. Inheritance is autosomal recessive. ","keywords":"KW-0622:Neuropathy.; KW-0890:Hereditary spastic paraplegia.; "},{"identifier":"Spastic paraplegia, intellectual disability, nystagmus, and obesity.","acronym":"SINO.","accession":"DI-04932","synonyms":null,"cross_references":"MeSH; D000015.","definition":"An autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by rapid growth in infancy, obesity, global developmental delay, intellectual disability, spastic paraplegia, ocular defects, and dysmorphic facial features. ","keywords":"KW-0550:Obesity.; KW-0890:Hereditary spastic paraplegia.; KW-0991:Intellectual disability.; "},{"identifier":"Spastic paraplegia and psychomotor retardation with or without seizures.","acronym":"SPPRS.","accession":"DI-04637","synonyms":null,"cross_references":"MeSH; D015419.","definition":"A form of spastic paraplegia, a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a slow, gradual, progressive weakness and spasticity of the lower limbs. Rate of progression and the severity of symptoms are quite variable. Initial symptoms may include difficulty with balance, weakness and stiffness in the legs, muscle spasms, and dragging the toes when walking. In some forms of the disorder, bladder symptoms (such as incontinence) may appear, or the weakness and stiffness may spread to other parts of the body. SPPRS is an autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder manifesting in infancy. Affected individuals show hypotonia and psychomotor retardation. Most develop seizures. ","keywords":"KW-0890:Hereditary spastic paraplegia.; "},{"identifier":"Spastic paraplegia 9B, autosomal recessive.","acronym":"SPG9B.","accession":"DI-04557","synonyms":null,"cross_references":"MeSH; D015419.","definition":"A form of spastic paraplegia, a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a slow, gradual, progressive weakness and spasticity of the lower limbs. Rate of progression and the severity of symptoms are quite variable. Initial symptoms may include difficulty with balance, weakness and stiffness in the legs, muscle spasms, and dragging the toes when walking. In some forms of the disorder, bladder symptoms (such as incontinence) may appear, or the weakness and stiffness may spread to other parts of the body. SPG9B is a complex form characterized by delayed psychomotor development, intellectual disability, and severe motor impairment. Dysmorphic facial features, tremor, and urinary incontinence are variably observed in SPG9B patients. ","keywords":"KW-0890:Hereditary spastic paraplegia.; "},{"identifier":"Spastic paraplegia 9A, autosomal dominant.","acronym":"SPG9A.","accession":"DI-04556","synonyms":"Cataracts with motor neuronopathy, short stature, and skeletal abnormalities.; Spastic paraparesis with amyopathy, cataracts, and gastroesophageal reflux.; ","cross_references":"MeSH; D015419.","definition":"A form of spastic paraplegia, a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a slow, gradual, progressive weakness and spasticity of the lower limbs. Rate of progression and the severity of symptoms are quite variable. Initial symptoms may include difficulty with balance, weakness and stiffness in the legs, muscle spasms, and dragging the toes when walking. In some forms of the disorder, bladder symptoms (such as incontinence) may appear, or the weakness and stiffness may spread to other parts of the body. SPG9A patients have gait difficulties, motor neuropathy, and dysarthria. Additional variable features include cerebellar signs, cataract, pes cavus, and urinary urgency. ","keywords":"KW-0890:Hereditary spastic paraplegia.; "},{"identifier":"Spastic paraplegia 91, autosomal dominant, with or without cerebellar ataxia.","acronym":"SPG91.","accession":"DI-06776","synonyms":null,"cross_references":"MeSH; D015419.","definition":"A form of spastic paraplegia, a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a slow, gradual, progressive weakness and spasticity of the lower limbs. Rate of progression and the severity of symptoms are quite variable. Initial symptoms may include difficulty with balance, weakness and stiffness in the legs, muscle spasms, and dragging the toes when walking. In some forms of the disorder, bladder symptoms (such as incontinence) may appear, or the weakness and stiffness may spread to other parts of the body. SPG91 is an autosomal dominant form characterized by gait abnormalities, sometimes associated with cerebellar ataxia. Additional features may include sensory abnormalities, peripheral neuropathy, optic neuropathy, developmental delay, impaired intellectual development, and seizures. Most patients have symptoms onset in the first decade of life, although age at onset is highly variable and ranges from birth to young adulthood. ","keywords":"KW-0890:Hereditary spastic paraplegia.; "},{"identifier":"Spastic paraplegia 90B, autosomal recessive.","acronym":"SPG90B.","accession":"DI-06703","synonyms":null,"cross_references":"MeSH; D015419.","definition":"A form of spastic paraplegia, a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a slow, gradual, progressive weakness and spasticity of the lower limbs. Rate of progression and the severity of symptoms are quite variable. Initial symptoms may include difficulty with balance, weakness and stiffness in the legs, muscle spasms, and dragging the toes when walking. In some forms of the disorder, bladder symptoms (such as incontinence) may appear, or weakness and stiffness may spread to other parts of the body. SPG90B is an autosomal recessive form characterized by motor impairment and progressive lower extremity spasticity as well as neurologic findings, cognitive impairment, and hearing loss. ","keywords":"KW-0890:Hereditary spastic paraplegia.; "},{"identifier":"Spastic paraplegia 90A, autosomal dominant.","acronym":"SPG90A.","accession":"DI-06702","synonyms":null,"cross_references":"MeSH; D015419.","definition":"A form of spastic paraplegia, a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a slow, gradual, progressive weakness and spasticity of the lower limbs. Rate of progression and the severity of symptoms are quite variable. Initial symptoms may include difficulty with balance, weakness and stiffness in the legs, muscle spasms, and dragging the toes when walking. In some forms of the disorder, bladder symptoms (such as incontinence) may appear, or weakness and stiffness may spread to other parts of the body. SPG90A affected individuals have motor impairment and progressive lower extremity spasticity as well as neurologic findings, cognitive impairment, and hearing loss. ","keywords":"KW-0890:Hereditary spastic paraplegia.; "},{"identifier":"Spastic paraplegia 8, autosomal dominant.","acronym":"SPG8.","accession":"DI-01038","synonyms":null,"cross_references":"MeSH; D015419.","definition":"A form of spastic paraplegia, a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a slow, gradual, progressive weakness and spasticity of the lower limbs. Rate of progression and the severity of symptoms are quite variable. Initial symptoms may include difficulty with balance, weakness and stiffness in the legs, muscle spasms, and dragging the toes when walking. In some forms of the disorder, bladder symptoms (such as incontinence) may appear, or the weakness and stiffness may spread to other parts of the body. ","keywords":"KW-0890:Hereditary spastic paraplegia.; "},{"identifier":"Spastic paraplegia 89, autosomal recessive.","acronym":"SPG89.","accession":"DI-06689","synonyms":null,"cross_references":"MeSH; D015419.","definition":"A form of spastic paraplegia, a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a slow, gradual, progressive weakness and spasticity of the lower limbs. Rate of progression and the severity of symptoms are quite variable. Initial symptoms may include difficulty with balance, weakness and stiffness in the legs, muscle spasms, and dragging the toes when walking. In some forms of the disorder, bladder symptoms (such as incontinence) may appear, or weakness and stiffness may spread to other parts of the body. SPG89 affected individuals show delayed motor development, abnormal spastic gait, and hyperreflexia of the lower limbs. Some patients may have mildly impaired intellectual development or learning difficulties. SPG89 disease onset is in the first years of life. ","keywords":"KW-0890:Hereditary spastic paraplegia.; "},{"identifier":"Spastic paraplegia 88, autosomal dominant.","acronym":"SPG88.","accession":"DI-06543","synonyms":null,"cross_references":"MeSH; D015419.","definition":"A form of spastic paraplegia, a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a slow, gradual, progressive weakness and spasticity of the lower limbs. Rate of progression and the severity of symptoms are quite variable. Initial symptoms may include difficulty with balance, weakness and stiffness in the legs, muscle spasms, and dragging the toes when walking. In some forms of the disorder, bladder symptoms (such as incontinence) may appear, or the weakness and stiffness may spread to other parts of the body. SPG88 is characterized by onset of symptoms in the first year of life. Most SPG88 patients have a pure form of the disorder, although rarely patients may manifest additional features, including peripheral neuropathy, speech delay, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, and non-specific brain imaging abnormalities. ","keywords":"KW-0890:Hereditary spastic paraplegia.; "},{"identifier":"Spastic paraplegia 87, autosomal recessive.","acronym":"SPG87.","accession":"DI-06459","synonyms":null,"cross_references":"MeSH; D015419.","definition":"A form of spastic paraplegia, a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a slow, gradual, progressive weakness and spasticity of the lower limbs. Rate of progression and the severity of symptoms are quite variable. Initial symptoms may include difficulty with balance, weakness and stiffness in the legs, muscle spasms, and dragging the toes when walking. In some forms of the disorder, bladder symptoms (such as incontinence) may appear, or the weakness and stiffness may spread to other parts of the body. SPG87 is characterized by onset of lower limb spasticity in infancy or early childhood, and lack of upper limbs and bulbar regions involvement. Affected individuals have mildly delayed walking, spastic gait, and hyperreflexia. Some patients may also have mild intellectual disability or speech problems. ","keywords":"KW-0890:Hereditary spastic paraplegia.; "}]}