{"count":543,"next":"https://cinder.proteo.info/api/subcellular_locations/?format=json&limit=20&offset=260","previous":"https://cinder.proteo.info/api/subcellular_locations/?format=json&limit=20&offset=220","results":[{"location_identifier":"Smooth endoplasmic reticulum lumen.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0249","definition":"The smooth endoplasmic reticulum lumen is the area enclosed by the smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane. ","synonyms":null,"content":"Smooth endoplasmic reticulum lumen.","is_a":"Endoplasmic reticulum lumen.; ","part_of":"Smooth endoplasmic reticulum.; ","keyword":null,"gene_ontology":"GO:0048238; smooth endoplasmic reticulum lumen; ","annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0250","definition":"The membrane surrounding the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. ","synonyms":null,"content":"Smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane.","is_a":"Endoplasmic reticulum membrane.; ","part_of":"Smooth endoplasmic reticulum.; ","keyword":null,"gene_ontology":"GO:0030868; smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane; ","annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Spindle.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0251","definition":"The spindle is a specialized microtubule structure designed to attach and capture chromosomes in order to partition them evenly to each daughter cells. ","synonyms":"Meiotic spindle; Mitotic apparatus; Mitotic spindle.; ","content":"Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle.","is_a":null,"part_of":"Cytoskeleton.; ","keyword":null,"gene_ontology":"GO:0005819; spindle; ","annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Spindle pole body.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0252","definition":"The spindle pole body is the microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in fungi, functionally equivalent to the animal cell centrosome. The SPB is responsible for the nucleation and organisation of microtubules. This may include the spindle microtubules required for chromosome segregation in mitosis and meiosis as well as the cytoplasmic interphase microtubules. ","synonyms":"SPB; Spindle polar body.; ","content":"Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, spindle pole body.","is_a":null,"part_of":"Microtubule organizing center.; ","keyword":null,"gene_ontology":"GO:0005816; spindle pole body; ","annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Spore core.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0253","definition":"Protein found in the spore core. The core also called spore matrix is the central part of the spore and contains normal cell structures, such as DNA, proteins and ribosomes, but is metabolically inactive. ","synonyms":null,"content":"Spore core.","is_a":null,"part_of":"Spore.; ","keyword":null,"gene_ontology":null,"annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Spore wall.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0254","definition":"Protein found in the spore wall. The spore wall is the main element of the spore's resistance to environmental stress. It is usually composed of several layers of different sugar polymers like mannans and glucans which are associated to glycoproteins. The composition, structure and number of layers are very different between bacteria, plants, protozoans or fungi. ","synonyms":null,"content":"Spore wall.","is_a":null,"part_of":"Spore.; ","keyword":null,"gene_ontology":"GO:0031160; spore wall; ","annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Surface film.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0255","definition":"The film of pulmonary surfactants which cover the alveolar surface of the mammalian lung. These surfactants are composed of 90% phospholipids and 10% proteins. ","synonyms":null,"content":"Secreted, extracellular space, surface film.","is_a":null,"part_of":"Extracellular space.; ","keyword":"KW-0767","gene_ontology":null,"annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Symbiosome.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0256","definition":"Symbiosis lead to the formation of a new compartment in the plant cell when bacteria enter the plant cell by endocytosis, the symbiosome. This compartment harbours the bacteroids surrounded by a peribacteroid membrane (PMB) originating from the plant plasma membrane. The space between this membrane and the bacteroid membrane is called the peribacteroid space. ","synonyms":null,"content":"Symbiosome.","is_a":null,"part_of":null,"keyword":null,"gene_ontology":"GO:0043659; symbiosome; ","annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Symplast.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0257","definition":"The symplast is a highly ordered and connected space within plants formed by the cytoplasms of individual cells connected by plasmodesmata. The symplast is held in place by a rigid framework, the apoplast. ","synonyms":null,"content":"Symplast.","is_a":null,"part_of":null,"keyword":null,"gene_ontology":"GO:0055044; symplast; ","annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Synapse.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0258","definition":"Synapses are the communicating cell-cell junctions that allow signals to pass from a nerve cell to a target cell. In a chemical synapse, the signal is carried by a neurotransmitter which diffuses across a narrow synaptic cleft and activates a receptor on the postsynaptic membrane of the target cell. The target may be a dendrite, cell body, neuronal axon, a specialized region of a muscle or a secretory cell. In an electrical synapse, a direct connection is made between the cytoplasms of two cells via gap junctions. ","synonyms":null,"content":"Synapse.","is_a":null,"part_of":null,"keyword":"KW-0770","gene_ontology":"GO:0045202; synapse; ","annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Synaptic vesicle.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0259","definition":"The synaptic vesicles mediate the exocytosis of neurotransmitters and subsequent re-uptake by endocytosis of vesicular components. Re-uptake is a crucial element in the maintenance of synaptic transmission in the nervous system. ","synonyms":null,"content":"Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle, synaptic vesicle.","is_a":"Secretory vesicle.; ","part_of":"Synapse.; ","keyword":null,"gene_ontology":"GO:0008021; synaptic vesicle; ","annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Synaptic vesicle membrane.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0260","definition":"The membrane surrounding a synaptic vesicle. ","synonyms":"Synaptic vesicular membrane.; ","content":"Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle, synaptic vesicle membrane.","is_a":"Secretory vesicle membrane.; ","part_of":"Synaptic vesicle.; ","keyword":null,"gene_ontology":"GO:0030672; synaptic vesicle membrane; ","annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Synaptosome.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0261","definition":"Synaptosomes are the pinched-off nerve endings and their contents of vesicles and cytoplasm together with the attached subsynaptic area of the membrane of the postsynaptic cell. They are largely artificial structures produced by fractionation after selective centrifugation of nervous tissue homogenates. ","synonyms":null,"content":"Synapse, synaptosome.","is_a":null,"part_of":"Synapse.; ","keyword":"KW-0771","gene_ontology":null,"annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"S-layer.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0262","definition":"The S-layer is a paracrystalline protein thin layer attached to the outermost portion of the cell wall. Found in some bacteria and common in archaea where it can constitute the only cell wall structure outside the plasma membrane. In Gram-negative bacteria, the S-layer is directly attached to the outer membrane. In Gram-positive bacteria, the S-layer is attached to the peptidoglycan layer. The S-layer may protect the cell from aggressions such as phagocytosis, harmful enzymes, etc. It also allows bacteria to adhere to host cells or other environmental surfaces and to maintain shape and envelope rigidity. ","synonyms":null,"content":"Secreted, cell wall, S-layer.","is_a":null,"part_of":"Cell wall.; ","keyword":"KW-0701","gene_ontology":"GO:0030115; S-layer; ","annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Tegument.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0263","definition":"The tegument of schistosomes is an outer-surface covering blood- dwelling flatworms. This unique structure consists of a double phospholipid bilayer (also known as the heptalaminar outer-surface structure) that ovelay a syncytium of fused cells surrounding the entire worm. These outer-tegumental membranes form many surface pits that substantially increase the surface area of the schistosome. The underlying syncytial-matrix contains some mitochondria, many vesicular structures and an extensive cytoskeleton. A basal lamina separates the syncytium from a layer of muscle cells. Nuclei and ribosomes are located in cytons, which are located underneath the muscle layer and connected by microtubule-lined cytoplasmic connections. ","synonyms":null,"content":"Tegument.","is_a":null,"part_of":null,"keyword":null,"gene_ontology":null,"annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Tegument membrane.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0264","definition":"The membrane suroounding the tegument of schistosomes. ","synonyms":"Tegumental membrane.; ","content":"Tegument membrane.","is_a":"Membrane.; ","part_of":"Tegument.; ","keyword":null,"gene_ontology":null,"annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Tight junction.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0265","definition":"The tight junction (TJ) is a dynamic, multifunctional complex which, together with adherens junctions and desmosomes, maintains the integrity of the epithelial cell layer(s) that protects multicellular organisms. TJ is located at the apical-most portion of the intercellular junction. It separates the apical and basolateral compartments of epithelia (preventing the lateral diffusion of lipids and proteins between the apical and basolateral domains of plasma membrane) and plays a key role in limiting paracellular permeability to ions and solutes in a charge and size selective manner. TJs appear as multiple strands of fibrils forming a continuous circumferential seal around cells. ","synonyms":"TJ; Zonula occludens.; ","content":"Cell junction, tight junction.","is_a":"Cell junction.; ","part_of":null,"keyword":"KW-0796","gene_ontology":"GO:0005923; bicellular tight junction; ","annotation":"Add \"Cell membrane\" if the protein is clearly associated with the membrane. ","references":null,"links":"http://celljunctions.med.nyu.edu/desmosomes/desframe.html; "},{"location_identifier":"trans-Golgi network.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0266","definition":"The trans-Golgi network is a highly dynamic series of interconnected tubules and vesicles at the trans face of the Golgi stack. The trans- Golgi network functions in the processing and sorting of glycoproteins and glycolipids at the interface of the biosynthetic and endosomal pathways. The generation and maintenance of apical and basolateral membranes rely on sorting events that occur in the TGN. ","synonyms":"Golgi trans-face; TGN; trans-Golgi; trans-Golgi complex.; ","content":"Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network.","is_a":null,"part_of":"Golgi apparatus.; ","keyword":null,"gene_ontology":"GO:0005802; trans-Golgi network; ","annotation":"The TGN is different from the trans-cisternae of the Golgi stack. Compartment specific marker: TGOLN2/TGN46. ","references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"trans-Golgi network membrane.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0267","definition":"The membrane surrounding the trans-Golgi network. ","synonyms":"Golgi trans-face membrane; TGN membrane; trans-Golgi complex membrane;; trans-Golgi membrane.; ","content":"Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network membrane.","is_a":"Golgi apparatus membrane.; ","part_of":"trans-Golgi network.; ","keyword":null,"gene_ontology":"GO:0032588; trans-Golgi network membrane; ","annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Trichocyst.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0268","definition":"The trichocyst is an architecturally complex secretory granule having a highly constrained shape docked at specialized cortical sites in Paramecium and other ciliates. Each cell bears about 1'000 trichocysts, which are supposed to be defensive organelles against predators. Trichocyst consists of a spindle-shaped body bearing at its wide end a tip often compared to an inverted golf tee. An external stimulus can trigger massive and synchronous exocytosis. After exocytotic membrane fusion, contact with the H2O and calcium ions in the external medium leads to an extremely rapid (< 50 ms) and irreversible expansion of the trichocyst contents, to yield a second, needle-shaped form which remains insoluble. ","synonyms":null,"content":"Trichocyst.","is_a":null,"part_of":null,"keyword":null,"gene_ontology":"GO:0055039; trichocyst; ","annotation":null,"references":"PubMed=10865117; DOI=10.1016/s0300-9084(00)00201-7;; ","links":null}]}