{"count":543,"next":"https://cinder.proteo.info/api/subcellular_locations/?format=json&limit=20&offset=440","previous":"https://cinder.proteo.info/api/subcellular_locations/?format=json&limit=20&offset=400","results":[{"location_identifier":"Host cellular thylakoid membrane.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0430","definition":"The membrane of the host cyanobacterial cellular thylakoid. ","synonyms":null,"content":"Host cellular thylakoid membrane.","is_a":"Host membrane.; ","part_of":"Host endomembrane system.; Host cellular thylakoid.; ","keyword":null,"gene_ontology":"GO:0044160; host thylakoid membrane; ","annotation":"Use only in cyanobacteria, not eukaryotes ","references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Host.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0431","definition":"The host is any organism in which another organism, or symbiont, spends part or all of its life cycle. Most animals and plants live symbiotically with microorganisms. The larger organism is called the host and smaller organism the symbiont. When the interactions between the symbiont and the host benefits both partners, the symbiotic interaction is called mutualism. When there is a negative effect on one of the partners, it is called a parasitic symbiosis and if there is no beneficial or negative effect it is a commensal symbiosis. These clear-cut definitions are not always easy to apply in nature. Take the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa for example. This bacterium can be found on the skin of humans and not cause disease, perhaps we would call it a commensial, but if the person has a severe burn P. aeruginosa can cause an infection and becomes a pathogen (a medicinal term for parasitism). This type of organism is called an opportunistic pathogen. Whether an association is a mutualist, commensal or parasitic depends on the relative \"strengths\" of the partners and the balance of power can change over time. ","synonyms":null,"content":"Host.","is_a":null,"part_of":null,"keyword":null,"gene_ontology":"GO:0018995; host cellular component; ","annotation":null,"references":null,"links":"http://web.uconn.edu/mcbstaff/graf/GenSym/GenSym.htm; "},{"location_identifier":"Host phagosome.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0432","definition":"The host phagosome is a phagocytic host cell-specific compartment. These large endocytic membrane-bound vesicles form upon ingestion by the host cell of extracellular materials. ","synonyms":"Host phagocytic vesicle.; ","content":"Host cytoplasmic vesicle, host phagosome.","is_a":"Host cytoplasmic vesicle.; ","part_of":null,"keyword":null,"gene_ontology":null,"annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Host phagosome membrane.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0433","definition":"The membrane surrounding a host phagosome. ","synonyms":"Host phagocytic vesicle membrane; Host phagosomal membrane.; ","content":"Host cytoplasmic vesicle, host phagosome membrane.","is_a":"Host cytoplasmic vesicle membrane.; ","part_of":"Host phagosome.; ","keyword":null,"gene_ontology":null,"annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Host presynaptic cell membrane.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0434","definition":"In a host chemical synapse, the host presynaptic membrane is the cell membrane of an axon terminal that faces the receiving cell. The postsynaptic membrane is separated from the presynaptic membrane by the synaptic cleft. ","synonyms":"Host presynaptic membrane.; ","content":"Host synapse, host presynaptic cell membrane.","is_a":null,"part_of":"Host cell membrane.; Host synapse.; ","keyword":null,"gene_ontology":"GO:0044231; host cell presynaptic membrane; ","annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Host synapse.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0435","definition":"Host synapses are the communicating cell-cell junctions that allow signals to pass from a host nerve cell to a target cell. In a chemical synapse, the signal is carried by a neurotransmitter which diffuses across a narrow synaptic cleft and activates a receptor on the postsynaptic membrane of the target cell. The target may be a dendrite, cell body, neuronal axon, a specialized region of a muscle or a secretory cell. In an electrical synapse, a direct connection is made between the cytoplasms of two cells via gap junctions. ","synonyms":null,"content":"Host synapse.","is_a":null,"part_of":null,"keyword":"KW-1051","gene_ontology":"GO:0044221; host cell synapse; ","annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Spore polar tube.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0436","definition":"The polar tube is a highly specialised structure unique to Microsporidia and required for host cell invasion. In the spore, the polar tube is connected at the anterior end, and then coils around the sporoplasm. Upon appropriate environmental stimulation, the polar tube rapidly discharges out of the spore, pierces a cell membrane and serves as a conduit for sporoplasm passage into the new host cell. ","synonyms":null,"content":"Spore polar tube.","is_a":null,"part_of":"Spore.; ","keyword":null,"gene_ontology":"GO:0044099; polar tube; ","annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Mitosome.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0437","definition":"The mitosome is an organelle found in \"amitochondrial\" unicellular organisms which do not have the capability of gaining energy from oxidative phosphorylation. Mitosomes are almost certainly derived from mitochondria, they have a double membrane and most proteins are delivered to them by a targeting sequence. Unlike mitochondria, mitosomes do not contain any DNA. The mitosome functions in iron- sulphur cluster assembly. ","synonyms":null,"content":"Mitosome.","is_a":null,"part_of":null,"keyword":"KW-1025","gene_ontology":"GO:0032047; mitosome; ","annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Mitosome envelope.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0438","definition":"The mitosomal envelope comprises the inner and outer mitosomal membrane including the intermembrane space. ","synonyms":"Mitosomal envelope.; ","content":"Mitosome envelope.","is_a":null,"part_of":"Mitosome.; ","keyword":null,"gene_ontology":null,"annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Mitosome inner membrane.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0439","definition":"The inner membrane of a mitosome is the membrane which separates the mitosomal matrix from the intermembrane space. ","synonyms":"Inner mitosomal membrane; Mitosomal inner membrane.; ","content":"Mitosome inner membrane.","is_a":"Mitosome membrane.; ","part_of":null,"keyword":null,"gene_ontology":null,"annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Mitosome intermembrane space.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0440","definition":"The mitosomal intermembrane space is the space between inner and outer mitosomal membranes. ","synonyms":"Mitosomal intermembrane space; Mitosomal periplasm;; Mitosomal periplasmic space.; ","content":"Mitosome intermembrane space.","is_a":null,"part_of":"Mitosome envelope.; ","keyword":null,"gene_ontology":null,"annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Mitosome matrix.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0441","definition":"The matrix of a mitosome is the mitosomal internal spaces enclosed by the inner membrane. ","synonyms":"Mitosomal matrix.; ","content":"Mitosome matrix.","is_a":null,"part_of":"Mitosome.; ","keyword":null,"gene_ontology":null,"annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Mitosome membrane.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0442","definition":"The membrane surrounding a mitosome. This term is used when it is not known if the protein is found in or associated with the inner or outer mitosomal membrane. ","synonyms":"Mitosomal membrane.; ","content":"Mitosome membrane.","is_a":"Membrane.; ","part_of":"Mitosome envelope.; ","keyword":null,"gene_ontology":null,"annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Mitosome outer membrane.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0443","definition":"The outer membrane of a mitosome is the mitosomal membrane facing the cytoplasm. ","synonyms":"Mitosomal outer membrane; Outer mitosomal membrane.; ","content":"Mitosome outer membrane.","is_a":"Mitosome membrane.; ","part_of":null,"keyword":null,"gene_ontology":null,"annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Host smooth endoplasmic reticulum.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0444","definition":"The host smooth endoplasmic reticulum (host SER) is the portion of the host ER which is free of ribosomes. ","synonyms":"Host SER; Host smooth ER.; ","content":"Host smooth endoplasmic reticulum.","is_a":null,"part_of":"Host endoplasmic reticulum.; ","keyword":null,"gene_ontology":"GO:0044170; host cell smooth endoplasmic reticulum; ","annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Host smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0445","definition":"The membrane surrounding the host smooth endoplasmic reticulum. ","synonyms":null,"content":"Host smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane.","is_a":"Host endoplasmic reticulum membrane.; ","part_of":"Host rough endoplasmic reticulum.; ","keyword":null,"gene_ontology":"GO:0044171; host cell smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane; ","annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Host nucleus outer membrane.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0446","definition":"The outer membrane of the host nucleus is the membrane facing the host cytoplasm. In host mammals, the host outer nuclear membrane is continuous in many places with the host rough endoplasmic reticulum and is dotted with ribosomes. ","synonyms":"Host nuclear outer membrane; Host outer nuclear membrane.; ","content":"Host nucleus outer membrane.","is_a":"Host nucleus membrane.; ","part_of":null,"keyword":null,"gene_ontology":"GO:0044202; host cell nuclear outer membrane; ","annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Acrosome outer membrane.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0447","definition":"The portion of the acrosomal membrane just beneath the sperm cell membrane. ","synonyms":"Acrosomal outer membrane; Outer acrosomal membrane.; ","content":"Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle, acrosome outer membrane.","is_a":null,"part_of":"Acrosome membrane.; ","keyword":null,"gene_ontology":"GO:0002081; outer acrosomal membrane; ","annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Spindle pole.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0448","definition":"Either of the ends of a spindle, a specialized microtubule structure designed to attach and capture chromosomes in order to partition them evenly to each daughter cells. ","synonyms":null,"content":"Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle pole.","is_a":null,"part_of":"Spindle.; ","keyword":null,"gene_ontology":"GO:0000922; spindle pole; ","annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Host thylakoid.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0449","definition":"The host thylakoid is a membranous cellular structure containing the photosynthetic pigments, reaction centers and electron-transport chain. In host chloroplast, thylakoids stack up to form the grana or stay as single cisternae and interconnect the grana. Thylakoid, where photosynthesis occurs, are found in chloroplasts, cyanelles and in photosynthetic bacteria where they are the extensive invaginations of the plasma membrane. ","synonyms":null,"content":"Host thylakoid.","is_a":null,"part_of":"Host cell.; ","keyword":"KW-1050","gene_ontology":"GO:0044159; host thylakoid; ","annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null}]}