{"count":543,"next":"https://cinder.proteo.info/api/subcellular_locations/?format=json&limit=20&offset=440&ordering=-location_identifier","previous":"https://cinder.proteo.info/api/subcellular_locations/?format=json&limit=20&offset=400&ordering=-location_identifier","results":[{"location_identifier":"Cyanelle inner membrane.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0480","definition":"The inner membrane of a cyanelle is the membrane which separates the cyanelle stroma from the intermembrane space. ","synonyms":null,"content":"Plastid, cyanelle inner membrane.","is_a":"Cyanelle membrane.; Plastid inner membrane.; ","part_of":"Cyanelle envelope.; ","keyword":null,"gene_ontology":"GO:0036012; cyanelle inner membrane; ","annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Cyanelle envelope.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0479","definition":"The envelope of a cyanelle comprises the inner and outer cyanelle membrane including the intermembrane space and the vestigal peptidoglycan layer. ","synonyms":null,"content":"Plastid, cyanelle envelope.","is_a":"Plastid envelope.; ","part_of":"Cyanelle.; ","keyword":null,"gene_ontology":"GO:0033112; cyanelle envelope; ","annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Cyanelle.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0082","definition":"A cyanelle is a photosynthetic organelle of glaucocystophyte algae. Cyanelles are surrounded by a double membrane and, in between, a peptidoglycan wall. Thylakoid membrane architecture is cyanobacteria- like. Historically, the term cyanelle is derived from a classification as endosymbiotic cyanobacteria, and thus is not fully correct. ","synonyms":"Cyanoplast; Muroplast.; ","content":"Plastid, cyanelle.","is_a":"Plastid.; ","part_of":null,"keyword":"KW-0194","gene_ontology":"GO:0009842; cyanelle; ","annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Cvt vesicle membrane.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0081","definition":"The membrane surrounding a cvt vesicle. A cvt vesicle is a double membrane-layered vesicle implicated in the cytoplasm to vacuole targeting pathway. ","synonyms":null,"content":"Cytoplasmic vesicle, cvt vesicle membrane.","is_a":"Cytoplasmic vesicle membrane.; ","part_of":"Cvt vesicle.; ","keyword":null,"gene_ontology":"GO:0033110; Cvt vesicle membrane; ","annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Cvt vesicle lumen.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0323","definition":"The cvt vesicle compartment bounded by the cvt vesicle membrane. ","synonyms":null,"content":"Cytoplasmic vesicle, cvt vesicle lumen.","is_a":"Cytoplasmic vesicle lumen.; ","part_of":"Cvt vesicle.; ","keyword":null,"gene_ontology":null,"annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Cvt vesicle.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0080","definition":"A cvt vesicle is a double membrane-layered vesicle implicated in the cytoplasm to vacuole targeting pathway. ","synonyms":null,"content":"Cytoplasmic vesicle, cvt vesicle.","is_a":"Cytoplasmic vesicle.; ","part_of":null,"keyword":null,"gene_ontology":"GO:0033107; Cvt vesicle; ","annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Cortical granule.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0541","definition":"Cortical granules are secretory organelles located under the cell membrane of unfertilized oocytes. Following fertilization, cortical granules fuse with the oocyte's cell membrane and release their contents into the extracellular matrix. This exocytosis, known as the cortical reaction, is involved in the prevention of polyspermy. Cortical granules are found in all mammals and many other vertebrates, as well as some invertebrates. ","synonyms":"Cortical vesicle.; ","content":"Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle, Cortical granule.","is_a":"Secretory vesicle.; ","part_of":null,"keyword":null,"gene_ontology":"GO:0060473; cortical granule; ","annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Cornified envelope.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0079","definition":"The cornified envelope is a structure which is formed beneath the plasma membrane in terminally differentiating stratified squamous epithelia. It provides a vital physical barrier to these tissues in mammals and consists of a 10 nm thick layer of highly crosslinked insoluble proteins. In the specialized case of the epidermis, a 5 nm thick layer of ceramide lipids is covalently bound to the proteins. These organize extracellular lipids into orderly lamellae and, together, the cell envelope and extracellular lipids are essential for effective physical and water barrier function in the skin. ","synonyms":null,"content":"Cornified envelope.","is_a":null,"part_of":null,"keyword":null,"gene_ontology":"GO:0001533; cornified envelope; ","annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"COPII-coated vesicle membrane.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0078","definition":"The membrane surrounding a COPII-coated vesicle. COPII-coated vesicles mediate the vesicular transport of cargo such as proteins. COPII- coated vesicles are believed to bud from the endoplasmic reticulum be involved in the anterograde transport between the ER to Golgi and travel toward the Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment, where they fuse and release their contents (anterograde transport). The COPII coat has five main functional components that are highly conserved in all eukaryotic cells. ","synonyms":"Coat protein complexes II membrane;; ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane.; ","content":"Cytoplasmic vesicle, COPII-coated vesicle membrane.","is_a":"Cytoplasmic vesicle membrane.; ","part_of":"COPII-coated vesicle.; ","keyword":null,"gene_ontology":"GO:0012507; ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane; ","annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"COPII-coated vesicle lumen.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0322","definition":"The COPII-coated vesicle compartment bounded by the COPII-coated vesicle membrane. ","synonyms":"Coat protein complexes II lumen; ER to Golgi transport vesicle lumen.; ","content":"Cytoplasmic vesicle, COPII-coated vesicle lumen.","is_a":"Cytoplasmic vesicle lumen.; ","part_of":"COPII-coated vesicle.; ","keyword":null,"gene_ontology":null,"annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"COPII-coated vesicle.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0077","definition":"COPII-coated vesicles mediate the vesicular transport of cargo such as proteins. COPII-coated vesicles are believed to bud from the endoplasmic reticulum be involved in the anterograde transport between the ER to Golgi and travel toward the Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment, where they fuse and release their contents (anterograde transport). The COPII coat has five main functional components that are highly conserved in all eukaryotic cells. ","synonyms":"Coat protein complexes II; ER to Golgi transport vesicle.; ","content":"Cytoplasmic vesicle, COPII-coated vesicle.","is_a":"Cytoplasmic vesicle.; ","part_of":null,"keyword":null,"gene_ontology":"GO:0030134; COPII-coated ER to Golgi transport vesicle; ","annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"COPI-coated vesicle membrane.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0076","definition":"The membrane surrounding a COPI-coated vesicle. COPI-coated vesicles mediate the vesicular transport of cargo such as proteins. COPI-coated vesicles are believed to bud from the cis-cisternae of the Golgi apparatus, mediate traffic from the cis-Golgi back to the ER (retrograde), and govern the flow pattern of materials within the Golgi stack. COPI is composed of the coatomer, which is a seven- subunit protein complex that participates in the formation of Golgi- derived coated vesicles. Evidence has also been presented for anterograde intra-Golgi transport mediated by COPI in yeast and mammals. ","synonyms":null,"content":"Cytoplasmic vesicle, COPI-coated vesicle membrane.","is_a":"Cytoplasmic vesicle membrane.; ","part_of":"COPI-coated vesicle.; ","keyword":null,"gene_ontology":"GO:0030663; COPI-coated vesicle membrane; ","annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"COPI-coated vesicle lumen.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0321","definition":"The COPI-coated vesicle compartment bounded by the COPI-coated vesicle membrane. ","synonyms":null,"content":"Cytoplasmic vesicle, COPI-coated vesicle lumen.","is_a":"Cytoplasmic vesicle lumen.; ","part_of":"COPI-coated vesicle.; ","keyword":null,"gene_ontology":null,"annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"COPI-coated vesicle.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0075","definition":"COPI-coated vesicles mediate the vesicular transport of cargo such as proteins. COPI-coated vesicles are believed to bud from the cis- cisternae of the Golgi apparatus, mediate traffic from the cis-Golgi back to the ER (retrograde), and govern the flow pattern of materials within the Golgi stack. COPI is composed of the coatomer, which is a seven-subunit protein complex that participates in the formation of Golgi-derived coated vesicles. Evidence has also been presented for anterograde intra-Golgi transport mediated by COPI in yeast and mammals. ","synonyms":"Coat protein complex I.; ","content":"Cytoplasmic vesicle, COPI-coated vesicle.","is_a":"Cytoplasmic vesicle.; ","part_of":null,"keyword":null,"gene_ontology":"GO:0030137; COPI-coated vesicle; ","annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Contractile vacuole membrane.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0074","definition":"The membrane surrounding a contractile vacuole. A contractile vacuole (CV) complex is a membrane-bound osmoregulatory organelle of fresh water and soil amoebae and protozoa which segregates excess cytosolic water, acquired osmotically, and expel it to the cell exterior, so that the cytosolic osmolarity is kept constant under a given osmotic condition. ","synonyms":"Contractile vacuolar membrane.; ","content":"Contractile vacuole membrane.","is_a":"Vacuole membrane.; ","part_of":"Contractile vacuole.; ","keyword":null,"gene_ontology":"GO:0031164; contractile vacuolar membrane; ","annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Contractile vacuole lumen.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0320","definition":"The contractile vacuole compartment bounded by the contractile vacuole membrane. ","synonyms":"Contractile vacuolar lumen.; ","content":"Contractile vacuole lumen.","is_a":"Vacuole lumen.; ","part_of":"Contractile vacuole.; ","keyword":null,"gene_ontology":null,"annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Contractile vacuole.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0073","definition":"A contractile vacuole (CV) complex is a membrane-bound osmoregulatory organelle of fresh water and soil amoebae and protozoa which segregates excess cytosolic water, acquired osmotically, and expel it to the cell exterior, so that the cytosolic osmolarity is kept constant under a given osmotic condition. Depending on the organism, the CV complex (CVC) shows different degrees of specialization of its tubular and vesicular elements. In the most elaborate CVCs of certain ciliates, e.g. Paramecium, a central vacuole, the contractile vacuole or cisterna, is surrounded by radially oriented ampullae or radial arms. These ampullae are connected to a network of channels. Excess cytosolic water, acquired osmotically, is segregated by the radial arms and enters the vacuole, so that the vacuole swells (the fluid- filling phase). The vacuole then rounds (the rounding phase) and the radial arms sever from the vacuole. The vacuole membrane then fuses with the plasma membrane at the pore region and the pore opens. The vacuole shrinks as its fluid is discharged through the pore (the fluid-discharging phase). The pore closes when the fluid has been discharged. The radial arms then reattach to the vacuole, so that the vacuole swells again as the fluid enters from the arms (the next fluid-filling phase). ","synonyms":"Contracile vacuole complex; CV; CVC.; ","content":"Contractile vacuole.","is_a":"Vacuole.; ","part_of":null,"keyword":null,"gene_ontology":"GO:0000331; contractile vacuole; ","annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Coated pit.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0072","definition":"Coated pits are regions of the donor membrane where the assembly of the vesicle coat take place. The coat assembles from soluble protomers such as coat protein complex-I and coat protein complex-II. The components of the coat often define the intracellular sorting station, and contribute to both membrane deformation and local movement of the resulting transport intermediate following scission. During the first steps of the vesicle-mediated membrane transport, coated pits are internalized to form coated vesicles which transport proteins between distinct membrane-bound organelles. ","synonyms":null,"content":"Membrane, coated pit.","is_a":null,"part_of":"Endomembrane system.; ","keyword":"KW-0168","gene_ontology":null,"annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Cleavage furrow.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0467","definition":"In fungal, amoeboid and animal cells, during the cytokinesis at the end of cell division, a cleavage furrow forms in the plasma membrane. A contractile ring containing actin and myosin is assembled at the selected site of the future cleavage furrow. Ring contraction produces the force to constrict the cleavage furrow and the daughter cells separate by membrane fusion. ","synonyms":null,"content":"Cleavage furrow.","is_a":null,"part_of":null,"keyword":null,"gene_ontology":"GO:0032154; cleavage furrow; ","annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Clathrin-coated vesicle membrane.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0071","definition":"The membrane surrounding a clathrin-coated vesicle (CCV). CCVs mediate the vesicular transport of cargo such as proteins between organelles in the post-Golgi network connecting the trans-Golgi network, endosomes, lysosomes and the cell membrane. CCVs that bud from the cell membrane reveal a striking polyhedral pattern reminiscent of a fullerene which arises from the outermost protein in the coat, clathrin. Clathrin assembles from three-legged individual components called triskelions to form a polygonal lattice around the vesicle. Clathrin is a large heterohexameric protein complex composed of three heavy chains and three light chains. Clathrin molecules self-assemble together to make a spherical clathrin lattice structure, a polyhedron made of regular pentagons and hexagons. The clathrin lattice serves as a mechanical scaffold but is itself unable to bind directly to membrane components. The connection of the clathrin scaffold to the membrane is mediated by clathrin adaptors, which can bind directly to both the clathrin lattice and to the lipid and protein components of membranes. Clathrin-associated adaptor protein (AP) complexes are a stoichiometric coat component of CCVs alongside clathrin itself, and are considered a major clathrin adaptor contributing the CCV formation. ","synonyms":"Clathrin-coated vesicular membrane.; ","content":"Cytoplasmic vesicle, clathrin-coated vesicle membrane.","is_a":"Cytoplasmic vesicle membrane.; ","part_of":"Clathrin-coated vesicle.; ","keyword":null,"gene_ontology":"GO:0030665; clathrin-coated vesicle membrane; ","annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null}]}