{"count":543,"next":"https://cinder.proteo.info/api/subcellular_locations/?format=json&limit=20&offset=80&ordering=synonyms","previous":"https://cinder.proteo.info/api/subcellular_locations/?format=json&limit=20&offset=40&ordering=synonyms","results":[{"location_identifier":"Cilium.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0066","definition":"The cilium is a cell surface projection found at the surface of a large proportion of eukaryotic cells. The two basic types of cilia, motile (alternatively named flagella) and non-motile, collectively perform a wide variety of functions broadly encompassing cell/fluid movement and sensory perception. Their most prominent structural component is the axoneme which consists of nine doublet microtubules, with all motile cilia - except those at the embryonic node - containing an additional central pair of microtubules. The axonemal microtubules of all cilia nucleate and extend from a basal body, a centriolar structure most often composed of a radial array of nine triplet microtubules. In most cells, basal bodies associate with cell membranes and cilia are assembled as 'extracellular' membrane-enclosed compartments. ","synonyms":"Cilia.; ","content":"Cell projection, cilium.","is_a":"Cell projection.; ","part_of":null,"keyword":null,"gene_ontology":"GO:0005929; cilium; ","annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Cilium axoneme.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0304","definition":"The cilium axoneme is the most prominent structural component of the cilium. It consists of nine doublet microtubules, with all motile cilia - except those at the embryonic node - containing an additional central pair of microtubules. The axonemal microtubules of all cilia nucleate and extend from a basal body, a centriolar structure most often composed of a radial array of nine triplet microtubules. In most cells, basal bodies associate with cell membranes and cilia are assembled as 'extracellular' membrane-enclosed compartments. ","synonyms":"Ciliary axoneme.; ","content":"Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, cilium axoneme.","is_a":null,"part_of":"Cilium.; Cytoskeleton.; ","keyword":null,"gene_ontology":null,"annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Cilium basal body.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0087","definition":"The basal body is a barrel-shaped microtubule-based structure required for the formation of cilia. Basal bodies, structuraly related to and often interconvertible with centrioles, serves as a nucleation site for axoneme growth. ","synonyms":"Ciliary basal body; Ciliary kinetosome; Cilium kinetosome.; ","content":"Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, cilium basal body.","is_a":null,"part_of":"Cilium.; Cytoskeleton.; ","keyword":null,"gene_ontology":null,"annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Cilium membrane.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0305","definition":"The portion of the cell membrane surrounding the cilium. ","synonyms":"Ciliary membrane.; ","content":"Cell projection, cilium membrane.","is_a":null,"part_of":"Cell membrane.; Cilium.; ","keyword":null,"gene_ontology":"GO:0060170; ciliary membrane; ","annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Clathrin-coated vesicle lumen.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0319","definition":"The clathrin-coated vesicle compartment bounded by the clathrin-coated vesicle membrane. ","synonyms":"Clathrin-coated vesicular lumen.; ","content":"Cytoplasmic vesicle, clathrin-coated vesicle lumen.","is_a":"Cytoplasmic vesicle lumen.; ","part_of":"Clathrin-coated vesicle.; ","keyword":null,"gene_ontology":null,"annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Clathrin-coated vesicle membrane.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0071","definition":"The membrane surrounding a clathrin-coated vesicle (CCV). CCVs mediate the vesicular transport of cargo such as proteins between organelles in the post-Golgi network connecting the trans-Golgi network, endosomes, lysosomes and the cell membrane. CCVs that bud from the cell membrane reveal a striking polyhedral pattern reminiscent of a fullerene which arises from the outermost protein in the coat, clathrin. Clathrin assembles from three-legged individual components called triskelions to form a polygonal lattice around the vesicle. Clathrin is a large heterohexameric protein complex composed of three heavy chains and three light chains. Clathrin molecules self-assemble together to make a spherical clathrin lattice structure, a polyhedron made of regular pentagons and hexagons. The clathrin lattice serves as a mechanical scaffold but is itself unable to bind directly to membrane components. The connection of the clathrin scaffold to the membrane is mediated by clathrin adaptors, which can bind directly to both the clathrin lattice and to the lipid and protein components of membranes. Clathrin-associated adaptor protein (AP) complexes are a stoichiometric coat component of CCVs alongside clathrin itself, and are considered a major clathrin adaptor contributing the CCV formation. ","synonyms":"Clathrin-coated vesicular membrane.; ","content":"Cytoplasmic vesicle, clathrin-coated vesicle membrane.","is_a":"Cytoplasmic vesicle membrane.; ","part_of":"Clathrin-coated vesicle.; ","keyword":null,"gene_ontology":"GO:0030665; clathrin-coated vesicle membrane; ","annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Nematocyst.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0177","definition":"The nematocyst is an organelle found in nematoblast (cnidoblast) cells. When matured, these stinging organelles store toxins and can deliver them when the cnidocil (a short extension of the nematocyst) is stimulated by a prey or another stimulus. These proteins are principally found in anemones and jellyfishes. ","synonyms":"Cnidocyst.; ","content":"Nematocyst.","is_a":null,"part_of":null,"keyword":"KW-0166","gene_ontology":"GO:0042151; nematocyst; ","annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"COPII-coated vesicle.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0077","definition":"COPII-coated vesicles mediate the vesicular transport of cargo such as proteins. COPII-coated vesicles are believed to bud from the endoplasmic reticulum be involved in the anterograde transport between the ER to Golgi and travel toward the Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment, where they fuse and release their contents (anterograde transport). The COPII coat has five main functional components that are highly conserved in all eukaryotic cells. ","synonyms":"Coat protein complexes II; ER to Golgi transport vesicle.; ","content":"Cytoplasmic vesicle, COPII-coated vesicle.","is_a":"Cytoplasmic vesicle.; ","part_of":null,"keyword":null,"gene_ontology":"GO:0030134; COPII-coated ER to Golgi transport vesicle; ","annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"COPII-coated vesicle lumen.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0322","definition":"The COPII-coated vesicle compartment bounded by the COPII-coated vesicle membrane. ","synonyms":"Coat protein complexes II lumen; ER to Golgi transport vesicle lumen.; ","content":"Cytoplasmic vesicle, COPII-coated vesicle lumen.","is_a":"Cytoplasmic vesicle lumen.; ","part_of":"COPII-coated vesicle.; ","keyword":null,"gene_ontology":null,"annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"COPII-coated vesicle membrane.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0078","definition":"The membrane surrounding a COPII-coated vesicle. COPII-coated vesicles mediate the vesicular transport of cargo such as proteins. COPII- coated vesicles are believed to bud from the endoplasmic reticulum be involved in the anterograde transport between the ER to Golgi and travel toward the Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment, where they fuse and release their contents (anterograde transport). The COPII coat has five main functional components that are highly conserved in all eukaryotic cells. ","synonyms":"Coat protein complexes II membrane;; ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane.; ","content":"Cytoplasmic vesicle, COPII-coated vesicle membrane.","is_a":"Cytoplasmic vesicle membrane.; ","part_of":"COPII-coated vesicle.; ","keyword":null,"gene_ontology":"GO:0012507; ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane; ","annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"COPI-coated vesicle.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0075","definition":"COPI-coated vesicles mediate the vesicular transport of cargo such as proteins. COPI-coated vesicles are believed to bud from the cis- cisternae of the Golgi apparatus, mediate traffic from the cis-Golgi back to the ER (retrograde), and govern the flow pattern of materials within the Golgi stack. COPI is composed of the coatomer, which is a seven-subunit protein complex that participates in the formation of Golgi-derived coated vesicles. Evidence has also been presented for anterograde intra-Golgi transport mediated by COPI in yeast and mammals. ","synonyms":"Coat protein complex I.; ","content":"Cytoplasmic vesicle, COPI-coated vesicle.","is_a":"Cytoplasmic vesicle.; ","part_of":null,"keyword":null,"gene_ontology":"GO:0030137; COPI-coated vesicle; ","annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Gap junction.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0124","definition":"A gap junction (GJ) is a communicating junction between certain cell types that allows the passive passage of ions and small molecules providing a direct pathway for electrical and metabolic signaling. In vertebrates GJs are patches of channels, each cell membrane contains a 'hemichannel', so that each GJ channel is composed of two hemichannels (connexons), which in turn are composed of six membrane proteins (connexins (Cxs)). In invertebrates, GJ channels are formed by another large family of integral membrane proteins, the innexins. GJ exists in all metazoans (multi-cellular organisms) and in almost all cell types in these organisms. ","synonyms":"Connexons.; ","content":"Cell junction, gap junction.","is_a":"Cell junction.; ","part_of":null,"keyword":"KW-0303","gene_ontology":"GO:0005921; gap junction; ","annotation":"Add \"Cell membrane\" if the protein is clearly associated with the membrane. ","references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Contractile vacuole.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0073","definition":"A contractile vacuole (CV) complex is a membrane-bound osmoregulatory organelle of fresh water and soil amoebae and protozoa which segregates excess cytosolic water, acquired osmotically, and expel it to the cell exterior, so that the cytosolic osmolarity is kept constant under a given osmotic condition. Depending on the organism, the CV complex (CVC) shows different degrees of specialization of its tubular and vesicular elements. In the most elaborate CVCs of certain ciliates, e.g. Paramecium, a central vacuole, the contractile vacuole or cisterna, is surrounded by radially oriented ampullae or radial arms. These ampullae are connected to a network of channels. Excess cytosolic water, acquired osmotically, is segregated by the radial arms and enters the vacuole, so that the vacuole swells (the fluid- filling phase). The vacuole then rounds (the rounding phase) and the radial arms sever from the vacuole. The vacuole membrane then fuses with the plasma membrane at the pore region and the pore opens. The vacuole shrinks as its fluid is discharged through the pore (the fluid-discharging phase). The pore closes when the fluid has been discharged. The radial arms then reattach to the vacuole, so that the vacuole swells again as the fluid enters from the arms (the next fluid-filling phase). ","synonyms":"Contracile vacuole complex; CV; CVC.; ","content":"Contractile vacuole.","is_a":"Vacuole.; ","part_of":null,"keyword":null,"gene_ontology":"GO:0000331; contractile vacuole; ","annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Contractile vacuole lumen.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0320","definition":"The contractile vacuole compartment bounded by the contractile vacuole membrane. ","synonyms":"Contractile vacuolar lumen.; ","content":"Contractile vacuole lumen.","is_a":"Vacuole lumen.; ","part_of":"Contractile vacuole.; ","keyword":null,"gene_ontology":null,"annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Contractile vacuole membrane.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0074","definition":"The membrane surrounding a contractile vacuole. A contractile vacuole (CV) complex is a membrane-bound osmoregulatory organelle of fresh water and soil amoebae and protozoa which segregates excess cytosolic water, acquired osmotically, and expel it to the cell exterior, so that the cytosolic osmolarity is kept constant under a given osmotic condition. ","synonyms":"Contractile vacuolar membrane.; ","content":"Contractile vacuole membrane.","is_a":"Vacuole membrane.; ","part_of":"Contractile vacuole.; ","keyword":null,"gene_ontology":"GO:0031164; contractile vacuolar membrane; ","annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Multivesicular body.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0174","definition":"The multivesicular bodies are a type of late endosome containing internal vesicles formed following the inward budding of the outer endosomal membrane. The contents of the MVBs are then released into the lysosome lumen. The proteins found in the limiting membrane of MVBs are recycled to other compartments. ","synonyms":"Corpuscula multivesicularis; ECV; Endosomal carrier vesicle;; Multivesicular bodies; MVB.; ","content":"Endosome, multivesicular body.","is_a":"Late endosome.; ","part_of":null,"keyword":null,"gene_ontology":"GO:0005771; multivesicular body; ","annotation":null,"references":null,"links":"http://www.uni-mainz.de/FB/Medizin/Anatomie/workshop/EM/EMMVBE.html; "},{"location_identifier":"Multivesicular body lumen.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0340","definition":"The multivesicular body compartment bounded by the membrane of the multivesicular bodies. ","synonyms":"Corpuscula multivesicularis lumen; ECV lumen;; Endosomal carrier vesicle lumen; Multivesicular bodies lumen;; MVB lumen.; ","content":"Endosome, multivesicular body lumen.","is_a":"Endosome lumen.; ","part_of":"Multivesicular body.; ","keyword":null,"gene_ontology":null,"annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Multivesicular body membrane.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0175","definition":"The membrane surrounding the multivesicular bodies. ","synonyms":"Corpuscula multivesicularis membrane; ECV membrane;; Endosomal carrier vesicle membrane; Multivesicular bodies membrane;; MVB membrane.; ","content":"Endosome, multivesicular body membrane.","is_a":"Endosome membrane.; ","part_of":"Multivesicular body.; ","keyword":null,"gene_ontology":"GO:0032585; multivesicular body membrane; ","annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Cortical granule.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0541","definition":"Cortical granules are secretory organelles located under the cell membrane of unfertilized oocytes. Following fertilization, cortical granules fuse with the oocyte's cell membrane and release their contents into the extracellular matrix. This exocytosis, known as the cortical reaction, is involved in the prevention of polyspermy. Cortical granules are found in all mammals and many other vertebrates, as well as some invertebrates. ","synonyms":"Cortical vesicle.; ","content":"Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle, Cortical granule.","is_a":"Secretory vesicle.; ","part_of":null,"keyword":null,"gene_ontology":"GO:0060473; cortical granule; ","annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null},{"location_identifier":"Cyanelle intermembrane space.","topology_identifier":null,"orientation_identifier":null,"accession":"SL-0481","definition":"The intermembrane space between the inner and the outer cyanelle membranes, it includes the vestigial peptidoglycan layer. ","synonyms":"Cyanelle periplasm.; ","content":"Plastid, cyanelle intermembrane space.","is_a":"Plastid intermembrane space.; ","part_of":"Cyanelle envelope.; ","keyword":null,"gene_ontology":"GO:0036014; cyanelle intermembrane space; ","annotation":null,"references":null,"links":null}]}