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{
"count": 543,
"next": "https://cinder.proteo.info/api/subcellular_locations/?format=api&limit=20&offset=200&ordering=-synonyms",
"previous": "https://cinder.proteo.info/api/subcellular_locations/?format=api&limit=20&offset=160&ordering=-synonyms",
"results": [
{
"location_identifier": "Host cellular thylakoid membrane.",
"topology_identifier": null,
"orientation_identifier": null,
"accession": "SL-0430",
"definition": "The membrane of the host cyanobacterial cellular thylakoid. ",
"synonyms": null,
"content": "Host cellular thylakoid membrane.",
"is_a": "Host membrane.; ",
"part_of": "Host endomembrane system.; Host cellular thylakoid.; ",
"keyword": null,
"gene_ontology": "GO:0044160; host thylakoid membrane; ",
"annotation": "Use only in cyanobacteria, not eukaryotes ",
"references": null,
"links": null
},
{
"location_identifier": "Focal adhesion.",
"topology_identifier": null,
"orientation_identifier": null,
"accession": "SL-0118",
"definition": "Focal adhesions are sites of tightest adhesion made to the underlying extracellular matrix by cells in culture. They serve a structural role, linking the ECM on the outside to the actin cytoskeleton on the inside. In addition, they are sites of signal transduction, initiating signaling pathways in response to adhesion. Focal adhesions are formed around a transmembrane core of an alpha-beta integrin heterodimer, which binds to a component of the extracellular matrix on its extracellular region, constitutes the site of anchorage of the actin cytoskeleton to the cytoplasmic side of the membrane, and mediates various intracellular signaling pathways. ",
"synonyms": null,
"content": "Cell junction, focal adhesion.",
"is_a": "Cell junction.; ",
"part_of": null,
"keyword": null,
"gene_ontology": "GO:0005925; focal adhesion; ",
"annotation": "Add \"Cell membrane\" if the protein is clearly associated with the membrane. ",
"references": null,
"links": "http://www-cellbio.med.unc.edu/grad/depttest/burridge.htm; "
},
{
"location_identifier": "Chromoplast.",
"topology_identifier": null,
"orientation_identifier": null,
"accession": "SL-0063",
"definition": "A chromoplast is a plastid containing pigments other than chlorophyll. Found in flower, petals and fruit. ",
"synonyms": null,
"content": "Plastid, chromoplast.",
"is_a": "Plastid.; ",
"part_of": null,
"keyword": null,
"gene_ontology": "GO:0009509; chromoplast; ",
"annotation": null,
"references": null,
"links": null
},
{
"location_identifier": "Organellar chromatophore thylakoid lumen.",
"topology_identifier": null,
"orientation_identifier": null,
"accession": "SL-0355",
"definition": "The organellar chromatophore thylakoid lumen is the compartment bounded by the thylakoid membrane. Found exclusively in Paulinella species, which are photosynthetic thecate amoeba. ",
"synonyms": null,
"content": "Plastid, organellar chromatophore thylakoid lumen.",
"is_a": "Plastid thylakoid lumen.; ",
"part_of": "Organellar chromatophore thylakoid.; ",
"keyword": null,
"gene_ontology": "GO:0070117; organellar chromatophore thylakoid lumen; ",
"annotation": null,
"references": null,
"links": null
},
{
"location_identifier": "Neuronal dense core vesicle membrane.",
"topology_identifier": null,
"orientation_identifier": null,
"accession": "SL-0532",
"definition": "The membrane surrounding a neuronal dense core vesicle. ",
"synonyms": null,
"content": "Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle, neuronal dense core vesicle membrane.",
"is_a": "Secretory vesicle membrane.; ",
"part_of": "Neuronal dense core vesicle.; ",
"keyword": null,
"gene_ontology": "GO:0099012; neuronal dense core vesicle membrane; ",
"annotation": null,
"references": null,
"links": null
},
{
"location_identifier": "Rhabdomere.",
"topology_identifier": null,
"orientation_identifier": null,
"accession": "SL-0551",
"definition": "A specialized organelle found in the photoreceptor cells of an ommatidium (the individual component of the arthropod compound eye) and the photoreceptor cells in the eye of cephalopods. Composed of thousands of tightly packed microvilli that expand the membrane surface area to accommodate millions of molecules of rhodopsin. Orthologous to the tightly packed membrane discs of the ciliary outer segment in vertebrate photoreceptor cells. ",
"synonyms": null,
"content": "Cell projection, rhabdomere.",
"is_a": "Cell projection.; ",
"part_of": null,
"keyword": null,
"gene_ontology": "GO:0016028; rhabdomere; ",
"annotation": "The rhabdomere is a specialised structure of photoreceptor cells found in the compound eyes of arthropods like insects, crustaceans and millipedes, and cephalopods, like octopus and squid. This term should be used only for invertebrates such as arthropods and cephalopods. ",
"references": null,
"links": null
},
{
"location_identifier": "Bleb.",
"topology_identifier": null,
"orientation_identifier": null,
"accession": "SL-0472",
"definition": "These cellular membrane protrusions are the result of actomyosin contractions of the cortex, which cause either transient detachment of the cell membrane from the actin cortex or a rupture in the actin cortex. Then, cytosol streams out of the cell body and inflates the newly formed bleb. Once expansion slows, an actin cortex is reconstituted. Retraction is powered by myosin motor proteins. Blebbing is a common feature of cell physiology during cell movement, cytokinesis, cell spreading and apoptosis. ",
"synonyms": null,
"content": "Cell projection, bleb.",
"is_a": "Cell projection.; ",
"part_of": null,
"keyword": null,
"gene_ontology": "GO:0032059; bleb; ",
"annotation": null,
"references": "PubMed=17318224; DOI=10.1038/nrm2122;; ",
"links": null
},
{
"location_identifier": "Hydrogenosome.",
"topology_identifier": null,
"orientation_identifier": null,
"accession": "SL-0145",
"definition": "The hydrogenosome is a redox organelle of anaerobic unicellular eukaryotes which contains hydrogenase and produces hydrogen and ATP by glycolysis. They are found in various unrelated eukaryotes, such as anaerobic flagellates, chytridiomycete fungi and ciliates. Most hydrogenosomes lack a genome, but some like that of the anaerobic ciliate Nyctotherus ovalis, have retained a rudimentary genome. ",
"synonyms": null,
"content": "Hydrogenosome.",
"is_a": null,
"part_of": null,
"keyword": "KW-0377",
"gene_ontology": "GO:0042566; hydrogenosome; ",
"annotation": null,
"references": null,
"links": null
},
{
"location_identifier": "Gas vesicle.",
"topology_identifier": null,
"orientation_identifier": null,
"accession": "SL-0125",
"definition": "Gas vesicles (GV) are hollow, watertight, gas-permeable proteinaceous nanostructures found in some microorganisms. During planktonic growth they allow positioning of the organism at a favorable depth for light or nutrient acquisition. By regulating their relative GV content, aquatic microbes can perform vertical migrations. The GV is impermeable to liquid water but is highly permeable to gases and is normally filled with air. As they scatter light, they may also protect against UV light. Two main proteins are present in the gas vesicle: GvpA, an extremely hydrophobic protein which makes the ribs that form the structure, and GvpC, which binds to the outside of the ribs, helps shape the GV and stiffens it against collapse. ",
"synonyms": null,
"content": "Gas vesicle.",
"is_a": null,
"part_of": null,
"keyword": "KW-0304",
"gene_ontology": "GO:0031411; gas vesicle; ",
"annotation": null,
"references": null,
"links": null
},
{
"location_identifier": "Gas vesicle lumen.",
"topology_identifier": null,
"orientation_identifier": null,
"accession": "SL-0331",
"definition": "The gas vesicle compartment bounded by the protein shell of the gas vesicle. ",
"synonyms": null,
"content": "Gas vesicle lumen.",
"is_a": null,
"part_of": "Gas vesicle.; ",
"keyword": null,
"gene_ontology": null,
"annotation": null,
"references": null,
"links": null
},
{
"location_identifier": "Gas vesicle shell.",
"topology_identifier": null,
"orientation_identifier": null,
"accession": "SL-0126",
"definition": "The protein shell surrounding a gas vesicle. ",
"synonyms": null,
"content": "Gas vesicle shell.",
"is_a": null,
"part_of": "Gas vesicle.; ",
"keyword": null,
"gene_ontology": null,
"annotation": null,
"references": null,
"links": null
},
{
"location_identifier": "Gem.",
"topology_identifier": null,
"orientation_identifier": null,
"accession": "SL-0127",
"definition": "Gems are nuclear bodies, often found paired or juxtaposed to Cajal bodies, called gems for \"gemini of CBs\". It is not clear if Cajal bodes and gems are distinct nuclear bodies or if they should be considered as two manifestations of the same structure. ",
"synonyms": null,
"content": "Nucleus, gem.",
"is_a": "Nuclear body.; ",
"part_of": "Nucleus.; ",
"keyword": null,
"gene_ontology": "GO:0097504; Gemini of coiled bodies; ",
"annotation": null,
"references": null,
"links": null
},
{
"location_identifier": "Glycosome.",
"topology_identifier": null,
"orientation_identifier": null,
"accession": "SL-0129",
"definition": "The glycosome is a specialized peroxisome found in all members of the protist order Kinetoplastida examined. Nine enzymes involved in glucose and glycerol metabolism are associated with these organelles. These enzymes are involved in pathways which, in other organisms, are usually located in the cytosol. ",
"synonyms": null,
"content": "Glycosome.",
"is_a": "Peroxisome.; ",
"part_of": null,
"keyword": "KW-0327",
"gene_ontology": "GO:0020015; glycosome; ",
"annotation": null,
"references": null,
"links": null
},
{
"location_identifier": "Host lysosome.",
"topology_identifier": null,
"orientation_identifier": null,
"accession": "SL-0403",
"definition": "The host lysosome is a membrane-limited organelle present in all eukaryotic cells, which contains a large number of hydrolytic enzymes that are used for degrading almost any kind of cellular constituent, including entire organelles. The mechanisms responsible for delivering cytoplasmic cargo to the host lysosome/vacuole are known collectively as autophagy and play an important role in the maintenance of homeostasis. ",
"synonyms": null,
"content": "Host lysosome.",
"is_a": null,
"part_of": "Host cell.; ",
"keyword": "KW-1042",
"gene_ontology": "GO:0044187; host cell lysosome; ",
"annotation": null,
"references": null,
"links": null
},
{
"location_identifier": "Host rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane.",
"topology_identifier": null,
"orientation_identifier": null,
"accession": "SL-0423",
"definition": "The membrane surrounding the host rough endoplasmic reticulum. ",
"synonyms": null,
"content": "Host rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane.",
"is_a": "Host endoplasmic reticulum membrane.; ",
"part_of": "Host rough endoplasmic reticulum.; ",
"keyword": null,
"gene_ontology": "GO:0044169; host cell rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane; ",
"annotation": null,
"references": null,
"links": null
},
{
"location_identifier": "Glyoxysome.",
"topology_identifier": null,
"orientation_identifier": null,
"accession": "SL-0131",
"definition": "The glyoxysome is a plant peroxisome, especially found in germinating seeds, involved in the breakdown and conversion of fatty acids to acetyl-CoA for the glyoxylate bypass. Since it is also rich in catalase, the glyoxysome may be related to the microbodies or peroxisomes or derived from them. ",
"synonyms": null,
"content": "Glyoxysome.",
"is_a": "Peroxisome.; ",
"part_of": null,
"keyword": "KW-0330",
"gene_ontology": "GO:0009514; glyoxysome; ",
"annotation": null,
"references": null,
"links": null
},
{
"location_identifier": "Phagocytic cup.",
"topology_identifier": null,
"orientation_identifier": null,
"accession": "SL-0473",
"definition": "Cup-shaped invaginations of the cell membrane that subsequently close at their distal margins to form phagosomes during phagocytosis. By progression of its rim along the particle surface, this phagocytic cup envelops and eventually encloses the particle by separation of the phagosome membrane from the cell membrane. Filamentous actin accumulates between the outer and inner leaflet of the cup membrane and is most strongly enriched at the rim of the cup, the site of its protrusion. ",
"synonyms": null,
"content": "Cell projection, phagocytic cup.",
"is_a": "Cell projection.; ",
"part_of": null,
"keyword": null,
"gene_ontology": "GO:0001891; phagocytic cup; ",
"annotation": null,
"references": null,
"links": null
},
{
"location_identifier": "Kinetochore.",
"topology_identifier": null,
"orientation_identifier": null,
"accession": "SL-0149",
"definition": "The kinetochore is a protein complex assembled on the centromeric region of DNA. It provides the major attachment point for the spindle microtubules during mitotic or meiotic division to pull the chromosomes apart. In monocentric chromosomes, the kinetochores of point centromeres bind a single microtubule and the larger kinetochores of regional centromeres interact with a number of microtubules. In holocentric chromosomes, the kinetochores bind the diffuse centromere along the length of the chromosomes. ",
"synonyms": null,
"content": "Chromosome, centromere, kinetochore.",
"is_a": null,
"part_of": "Centromere.; ",
"keyword": "KW-0995",
"gene_ontology": null,
"annotation": null,
"references": null,
"links": null
},
{
"location_identifier": "Host cytosol.",
"topology_identifier": null,
"orientation_identifier": null,
"accession": "SL-0384",
"definition": "The host cytosol is the unstructured aqueous phase of the host cytoplasm excluding organelles, membranes, and insoluble cytoskeletal components. ",
"synonyms": null,
"content": "Host cytoplasm, host cytosol.",
"is_a": null,
"part_of": "Host cytoplasm.; ",
"keyword": null,
"gene_ontology": "GO:0044164; host cell cytosol; ",
"annotation": null,
"references": null,
"links": null
},
{
"location_identifier": "Spore polar tube.",
"topology_identifier": null,
"orientation_identifier": null,
"accession": "SL-0436",
"definition": "The polar tube is a highly specialised structure unique to Microsporidia and required for host cell invasion. In the spore, the polar tube is connected at the anterior end, and then coils around the sporoplasm. Upon appropriate environmental stimulation, the polar tube rapidly discharges out of the spore, pierces a cell membrane and serves as a conduit for sporoplasm passage into the new host cell. ",
"synonyms": null,
"content": "Spore polar tube.",
"is_a": null,
"part_of": "Spore.; ",
"keyword": null,
"gene_ontology": "GO:0044099; polar tube; ",
"annotation": null,
"references": null,
"links": null
}
]
}